Confucianism
The Han dynasty followed Confucianism as the official belief-system of the state, and so it had the greatest impact on the lives of the Han people. Government positions were given to scholar-officials, who were expected to be well-versed in literature, history, and Confucian teachings. These positions were awarded based on merit, an idea which was first thought of by Confucius, so that violence caused by power-struggles between warlords could be eliminated. Han rulers also stressed the idea of filial piety, as they believed that the citizens' respect for their parents would translate into respect for their rulers. Han rulers also instilled the Confucian principle that a proper family strove for harmony rather than justice into the minds of their people from a very early age. Their reasoning for emphasizing this was that if their people grew accustomed to making sacrifices for their family, and eventually, the state, then there would be less chance of a rebellion.
Legalism
The Han dynasty dispelled the harshest aspects of Legalism, but continued to maintain a strong army, and enforce the idea that the ruler was all-powerful, and superior to all. Emperor Wudi followed a policy of expansionism, and used the strength provided by his powerful military to expand China's borders. Emperor Wudi also made sure to establish a firm control over both the country, and the ministers who had any significant power. He demanded that his ministers report directly to him, eliminating any chance fro them to gain power and influence without his knowing it. The Han government also made sure that the people understood the superiority of the ruler, so they would never even dare attempt to undermine the emperor's authority. They did this by referring to the ruler as the foundation of the state, and making no room for anyone to question his authority.
Daoism
The Han dynasty incorporated Daoist beliefs into their way of life in order to give the Han people a break from their everyday responsibilities, and keep in touch with their cultural traditions. Even after Confucianism was pronounced as the official belief-system, government officials still practiced Daoist rituals such as the use of alchemy, climbing the sacred Taishan mountain, and presenting offerings to heaven. These things were believed to promote longevity, and so most people , even Emperor Wudi himself, were reluctant to give them up. Daoist beliefs also stated that one should follow the Way, which encouraged Daoists to take the lower path, and bow down to their superiors. So, Daoism emphasized the rigid Confucian hierarchy, but served as a break from its strict regulations.
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